CHANGELOG

FIX A320 audio, calls, CVR and electrical questions: 27 text questions that repeated a newer photo question removed (the photo version stays), nine communications questions whose answer could be spotted from the wording rewritten, and the external-power, smoke-configuration and descent-reversion questions made precise
IMPROVED The A320 FLEX takeoff guide now explains the FLX/MCT detent from its first lines, the memory items guide has a short FAQ, and the control laws guide leads with the protections

NEW The EASA FDP Calculator (ORO.FTL.205 Tables 2, 3 and 4, with the acclimatisation table, extensions, in-flight rest, split duty and the cumulative limits explained) and the FAA Part 117 FDP Calculator (Table B with the Table A flight time limit, Table C for augmented crews, rest and the cumulative limits), each on its own page. The Pilot Fatigue Calculator keeps the sleep and WOCL check. Same results as before, and the three pages share the same three free uses
NEW A free METAR widget for flying club, school and airfield websites: the live METAR (and the TAF if wanted) decoded in plain English with its flight category, in a light or dark theme. Copy the code, paste it in; no cookies, no tracking
IMPROVED The METAR and TAF decoder page now walks through a real METAR group by group and a TAF read at two arrival times, with the commonest codes and the US differences in tables. Rewritten with worked examples, tables and FAQs: A320 engine failure at V1, A320 V-speeds, PPL and CPL theory exams, magnetic compass errors, the FAA medical certificate and yaw dampers
IMPROVED Airline pages rewritten with each airline’s own selection steps, entry routes, fleet news and common questions: easyJet, ITA Airways, Vueling, Emirates, Etihad, SAS, and the Qantas, flydubai and Air Canada requirements
FIX A320 V-speeds: VLS is the top of an amber strip and the second-segment gradient is 2.4% gross; A320 engine failure: one-engine pitch about 12.5°, ECAM actions from 400 ft; FAA medical: a Part 121 First Officer needs a second-class medical except in the cases of 14 CFR 61.23(a)(1), and the 15 specifically disqualifying conditions listed correctly; NWS TAFs do not use BECMG; SAS asks for ICAO English Level 5 or 6 and 400 h on CS-25 aircraft; Qantas (QantasLink) First Officers need 500 h

NEW The Boeing 737 systems series in the free Library is complete, 21 articles in all, each with the NG and MAX differences. New today: Air Conditioning, APU, Autopilot Flight Director System, Autothrottle and Thrust Management, Bleed Air and Anti-Ice, Communications, Doors, Exits and Emergency Equipment, Engines and Engine Indications, Fire Protection, Flight Instruments and Displays, FMC and CDU, Fuel System, Pressurisation, Warning Systems
NEW Two new Library sections. Boeing 787: Electrical System, Engines: GEnx-1B and Trent 1000, Flight Controls, Fuel System, Hydraulic System, No-Bleed Systems Architecture. Airbus A220: Electrical System, Flight Deck and Avionics, Fly-by-Wire Flight Controls, Fuel and Hydraulic Systems, Engines: the PW1500G Geared Turbofan. Every fact is checked against the official documents behind the 787 and A220 question banks: the EASA type certificates, the FAA and Transport Canada minimum equipment lists and evaluation reports, and the manufacturers’ airport planning documents
IMPROVED 455 Library articles in all, 50 of them added today. Six 787 and A220 questions tightened to what their sources say

NEW The A320 systems series in the free Library is complete, 28 articles in all. New today: ventilation and cargo heating, pressurisation, bleed air and ice protection, fire and smoke protection, APU, engines and FADEC, autothrust, ECAM, displays and EFIS controls, ADIRS and standby instruments, FMGS and MCDU, FCU and autopilot modes, approach, landing and go-around, communications, cabin systems, oxygen, doors and emergency equipment, recorders and maintenance systems
NEW The Boeing 737 series begins, each article with the 737 NG and MAX differences: flight deck and documents, electrical, hydraulics, pitch and stabiliser trim, roll, yaw and speedbrakes, flaps and leading edge devices, landing gear and brakes. 430 Library articles in all, each fact-checked against the type banks and illustrated
FIX Corrected against the A320 bank: the fire-protection drawing (detector counts, cargo bottle, avionics smoke alert, the engine master step), the oxygen drawing (crew cylinder location, the RESET slide) and the communications drawing (the CVR runs automatically)

NEW Ten free Library articles on the Airbus A320, each fact-checked against the A320 question banks and illustrated: flight deck design philosophy, the electrical, hydraulic and fuel systems, flight control computers, control laws and protections, slats and flaps, characteristic speeds, landing gear, brakes and steering and air conditioning (405 articles in all)
FIX The A320 hydraulics drawing (shown with 83 questions) and the A320 hydraulic system guide put nose wheel steering on the green system: it is yellow. The guide’s lists of what each system powers now match the question bank
FIX The A320 fuel drawing: the outer-tank transfer valves are electrical and latch open. The A320 V-speeds guide: S and F speeds defined correctly, and the CONF 1+F flap limit (215 kt) added
FIX Six questions corrected or removed, among them the reverse-thrust idle speed (type-specific, typically 60 to 80 kt) and the A320 blue pump override

NEW A Boeing 787 bank for the 787-8, 787-9 and 787-10: 335 questions on the limitations and 15 systems chapters, from general and air conditioning to electrical, hydraulics, fuel, flight controls, autoflight, instruments and warnings, including the no-bleed architecture that sets the 787 apart
NEW Every answer names its source: the EASA type-certificate data sheets for the aircraft, the GEnx-1B and the Trent 1000, the FAA Master Minimum Equipment List, the FAA Flight Standardization Board reports, Boeing's 787 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning and Boeing's AERO article on the 787's no-bleed systems. Questions name the model and the engine wherever they differ
NEW Photos of the 787-8, -9 and -10, the flight deck and head-up displays, the overhead panel, both engines, the main landing gear and the wing, from Wikimedia Commons, with the questions they illustrate
IMPROVED The 787 is in PRO, with Limitations, General, Air Conditioning, Electrical and Engines open in the free plan (47 preview banks, 186 banks in all)

NEW Airlines whose selection includes an aptitude test now point to aptitude-test practice: on their Pilot Jobs cards, the jobs board, the airline and regional job pages, the cadet programmes page, the Interview Preparation hub and the Library article on recruitment and selection. These are affiliate links, labelled as such: v1prep earns a commission if you buy, at no extra cost to you

IMPROVED The Airbus A220 now sits next to the A320 Family: on the home page, in the Question Banks menu, on the pricing table and on the dashboard

NEW An Airbus A220 bank for the A220-100 and A220-300: 377 questions on the limitations and 15 systems chapters, from general and air conditioning to fuel, flight controls, autoflight, instruments and crew alerting
NEW Every answer names its source: the EASA type-certificate data sheets for the aircraft and the PW1500G, Transport Canada's MMEL and Operational Evaluation Report, the FAA Flight Standardization Board report and Airbus's A220 Aircraft Characteristics. Questions name the model wherever the -100 and -300 differ
NEW Photos of the A220 flight deck, overhead panel, pedestal, side-sticks, wing and cabin, from Wikimedia Commons, with the questions they illustrate
IMPROVED The A220 is in PRO, with Limitations, General, Air Conditioning, Electrical and Engines open in the free plan (42 preview banks, 170 banks in all)
FIX Opening a question bank in the first seconds after the page loads, before its questions had downloaded, could stop with an error; it now waits for them

FIX The PRO Monthly, PRO Annual and Lifetime plans now tell search engines how they are delivered: online, at once and at no cost, as Google asks

NEW The Flight Briefing takes an alternate: the diversion from your destination (distance, track, when you would get there and the SIGMETs on the way), the alternate's weather, runway, terrain and NOTAMs for that time, and the worst forecast over the hour either side, with the EASA and FAA rules an alternate is chosen by
FIX The METAR/TAF decoder now rates a forecast change group with a visibility under 1 statute mile, such as TEMPO 0800 FG, as LIFR even when the group gives no cloud

NEW Ten Library articles (395 in all): mechanical flight control systems, powered flying controls and artificial feel, flap systems, spoilers and speed brakes, trim systems, yaw dampers and rudder limiting, aircraft exterior lighting, flight deck, cabin and emergency lighting, doors, emergency exits and escape slides, and flight deck layout and master warnings
IMPROVED The Library page shows the eight newest articles under “Recently added”
FIX 52 questions corrected or removed after review, among them 26 duplicate A320 air conditioning and auto flight questions, the 737 rudder power units, leading-edge devices, yaw damper and runaway stabiliser answers, the A320 195-seat exits, MASTER CAUT light, rudder travel limiter and escape slide inflation
FIX Question counts now match the banks exactly: 15,000+ questions in all (15,997 after the duplicates went) and 9,400+ in Ground School

FIX The PRO Monthly, PRO Annual and Lifetime plans now tell search engines about the 14-day refund in the refund policy, as Google asks

NEW Ten Library articles (385 in all): pressurisation safety valves and warnings, crew oxygen systems, passenger and portable oxygen, landing gear layouts and shock absorbers, landing gear retraction and extension, landing gear indication and configuration warnings, nose wheel steering, wheel brakes, anti-skid and autobrake, and aircraft wheels and tyres
FIX 38 questions corrected or removed after review, among them A320 engine oil quantity and powerplant questions (six duplicates removed), A320 door types, flight recorder colours, brake construction, anti-skid deceleration figures and the A320 and 737 landing gear and braking interview answers
IMPROVED The airline interview guides that cover aptitude tests now point to a practice platform for them (an affiliate link, labelled as such); the terms explain affiliate links

IMPROVED v1prep now says what it has become: it follows you from your first lesson to your airline job and beyond. The home page, the About page and the link preview show the whole journey: exam prep from PPL to ATPL, type ratings, interview prep, pilot jobs and pilot tools

NEW Ten Library articles (375 in all): refuelling systems and fuel jettison, thermal anti-icing, de-icing boots and fluid ice protection, propeller ice protection, probe heat, window heat and rain protection, potable water and drain systems, bleed air and pneumatic systems, air conditioning packs, cabin air distribution and equipment cooling, and pressurisation principles and control
FIX 38 questions corrected or removed after review, among them the A320 memory items (six duplicates removed), the A320 FADEC start-abort answers, the 737 noise abatement and pack answers, A320 and 737 ice and rain protection, and ditching along a swell
FIX Three illustrations: the pressurisation differential at FL390 (8.1 psi, not 9.0), what happens to the crossbleed after a bleed leak, and the meaning of VLS
FIX The legal notice now names the hosting providers

IMPROVED A quote request on the Type Rating Training Map now goes straight to the centre, which answers you directly (the button shows on the 28 centres with a checked enquiry address)
NEW All airline interview study guides in one download for €19.99, and every guide added during the next 12 months at no extra cost

NEW Try PRO free for 7 days: every bank, course and tool, once per account, with no card; it ends on its own (on the pricing page and in My Account)
NEW Give a year of PRO as a gift: a code by e-mail that the pilot enters in My Account under “Redeem a gift code” (terms 2.6, refund policy)

NEW Every centre on the Type Rating Training Map has a Request a quote button: one short form, free and without obligation; v1prep passes it to the centre, which answers you directly (privacy policy 2.7)
NEW An Advertise page for training centres, recruiters, airlines and aviation brands

FIX The links at the bottom of the app are taller, so they are easier to tap without hitting the one next to them

IMPROVED The site’s fonts now come from v1prep.com itself instead of Google Fonts: pages appear sooner, and your browser no longer contacts Google to draw them (privacy policy 2.6)
IMPROVED Small grey text (footers, sources, notes) and links inside tables are easier to read on every guide, Library and course page, and the amber text of the light theme is a shade darker
FIX Headings on guide pages follow a proper outline for screen readers, and the flight-category table of the METAR/TAF decoder has a header for every column

IMPROVED The breadcrumb and date lines of every guide, Library and course page are easier to read (higher contrast)
IMPROVED The pricing, contact, mock interview and cookie links at the bottom of the app now have real addresses, so search engines can follow them

IMPROVED The home page appears sooner on phones: the app’s own script is 30% smaller, nothing from Firebase delays the first paint any more, and the question banks download in the background a few seconds after the page has loaded (or at your first tap), instead of competing with it
IMPROVED Guide and Library pages no longer jump while their fonts load

NEW The decoder behind the METAR and TAF decoder is now open source under the MIT licence, with its tests: github.com/lebbars/metar-taf-decoder. One JavaScript file, no dependencies, for the browser and for Node

IMPROVED The pilot tools now have their own row under the question banks: METAR/TAF decoder, Flight Briefing, Max FDP, crosswind, density altitude, CV builder and the type rating map
IMPROVED “All guides” at the bottom of the home page shows five guides per section, with “See more…” for the rest; the Difference Training card is now the same size as the other question bank cards
IMPROVED The accident reports in Crash Investigations link to the newer Library articles they mention, such as landing distance and managing non-normal situations

FIX Student discount requests from the Contact page now reach us: until now the form confirmed the request but did not send it. If you sent one before 30 September, please send it again
IMPROVED The contact form now goes through v1prep’s own server straight to our mailbox, without a third-party form service, and says so if a message could not be sent. The Privacy Policy (version 2.5) is updated

NEW A flight school can try v1prep before its licence starts: its instructors have full access and the School Dashboard, and its students can join with the school’s code and appear on the dashboard, keeping the free (Lite) access until the licence starts. The student’s account and the dashboard say so; the Terms (version 2.5) too

IMPROVED On a phone, the School Dashboard shows one card per student and per subject instead of a squeezed table, and the instructor’s menu button no longer runs off the screen
IMPROVED Clearer subject labels in the dashboard (“Air Law · ATPL” instead of repeating the subject’s name) and table headers in the site’s own colours

NEW Flight schools and ATOs can license v1prep for their students. A student joins with the school’s code in My Account → Flight School and has full access, the Flight Briefing included, while the school’s licence runs
NEW School Dashboard for instructors: each student’s last activity, questions answered, score and weakest subject, the breakdown by subject and a CSV progress report. Only totals are shared, never a student’s answers, and a student can leave the school at any time
IMPROVED The school plan on the pricing page now lists exactly what schools get; the Privacy Policy and Terms (version 2.4) explain what a school’s instructors can see

NEW 10 Library articles, fact-checked and illustrated: the APU, fire and overheat detection, engine fire protection, cargo and lavatory fire protection, extinguishing agents and hand extinguishers, fuel grades, additives and contamination, tanks, venting and inerting, boost pumps and crossfeed, fuel quantity and temperature. The Library now holds 365 articles
FIX 38 questions corrected and 3 duplicates removed (16,037 questions): the current EU rules for first-aid and emergency medical kits and flight recorders, the IR prerequisites and training organisations, the certification rules for climb gradients, gusts and windshield bird strikes, flying after diving, the approach ban, the fuel cross-feed imbalance procedure, and A320 limitations and SOP questions whose layout gave the answer away

NEW Crosswind Calculator: the crosswind, headwind or tailwind component for any runway, in the gusts too; it converts a METAR or TAF wind from true to magnetic, shows the other end of the runway, draws the wind on the runway and checks the limits you enter
NEW Density Altitude Calculator: pressure altitude, ISA deviation and density altitude from the elevation, QNH (hPa or inHg) and temperature (°C or °F), with the 120 ft per degree rule of thumb alongside and the effect of humidity from the dew point
IMPROVED Both are in the Pilot Tools menu and free: 3 uses without an account, then with a free v1prep account

IMPROVED The Flight Briefing takes your planned altitude (FL290, or 8000 ft): it gives your clearance above the highest terrain sampled along the route, with a warning under 2,000 ft (the ICAO Annex 2 and FAA 91.177 minimums), and says for each SIGMET, AIRMET and pilot report whether your level is inside it, above it or below it

FIX On phones, the METAR and TAF group tables of the decoder guide now show each group and its example on one line with the explanation across the full width, instead of a narrow column

NEW Flight Briefing page, with a real example briefing (London Heathrow to Dublin) so you can see what you get. It is included with PRO, Lifetime and the Interview Pass, or €4.99 a month on its own
IMPROVED The METAR and TAF decoder is on its own page again: 3 uses without an account, then free with a v1prep account
IMPROVED The briefing now says when a SIGMET ends before you reach it, and lists each hazard once in the key points

NEW Flight Briefing on the METAR/TAF decoder page: enter a departure time and two airports and get a written briefing: the METAR and TAF at each end for the times you are there, the runway most likely in use from the wind, SIGMETs along the route (and in the US the AIRMETs, G-AIRMETs and pilot reports), airports on the way with low cloud or poor visibility, elevations and sampled terrain, with the key points first
IMPROVED The pilot tools are now free for anyone with a v1prep account: the METAR/TAF decoder, the flight briefing, the Pilot CV Builder and the type rating map. The Max FDP/Fatigue Calculator can be used 3 times without an account
IMPROVED Every pilot tool is in the Pilot Tools menu, and the homepage now points to them
IMPROVED The fatigue page is now the Max FDP/Fatigue Calculator

IMPROVED The free tools and the Library articles on the same subjects now link to each other: METAR, TAF, fog, visibility and cloud articles to the METAR and TAF Decoder, the fatigue and flight time limitation articles to the Max FDP Calculator, the type rating articles to the Type Rating Training Map, the recruitment and career articles to the Pilot CV Builder
IMPROVED The fatigue calculator is now called the Max FDP Calculator, which is what it mostly does

NEW A Pilot tools menu, beside Question banks on computers and as a folded row on phones: the METAR/TAF decoder, the fatigue and FDP calculator, the Pilot CV Builder and the Type Rating Training Map

IMPROVED On phones, the question banks (PPL, IR, CPL, ATPL, A320, B737, E-Jet, or the FAA tests) fold into one “Question banks” row in the menu; tap it to open the list

NEW METAR and TAF Decoder: enter an airport's ICAO code for its latest METAR and TAF from the US Aviation Weather Center, or paste any report, and read every group in plain English, with the FM, BECMG, TEMPO and PROB groups period by period, ICAO and US formats, US remarks and the flight category of each period
NEW A guide on the same page: how to read a METAR and a TAF, the weather codes, cloud and ceilings, and the US and ICAO differences, checked against the FAA key to METAR and TAF

NEW Pilot CV Pro is now included with PRO, Lifetime, the Interview Pass and both Difference Training courses: the PDF, all five layouts, the wording library, airline tailoring, the cover letter, and a CV optimised by v1prep every week
NEW Optimised Pilot CV, €4.99 per CV: press Send my CV and v1prep rewrites the profile and bullet points in airline style, tailored to the airline you pick, without adding or changing a single fact. It comes back within 2 days with a link that opens it in the builder, ready to download as a PDF
NEW Your CV still stays in your browser until you press Send; the privacy policy, terms and refund policy say what happens when you do

NEW Pilot CV Pro (€4.99, 12 months): your CV as an A4 PDF, three more layouts (Executive, Compact and Key facts), a pilot wording library by role and by topic, airline tailoring against the requirements on Pilot Jobs, and a matching cover letter on its own page. Building and previewing the CV stays free, and the CV still never leaves your browser
NEW Signing in from the CV builder brings you straight back to it, and PRO members can link a Pilot CV Pro purchase made with another e-mail from their account
FIXED Linking a purchase no longer says “PRO unlocked” to someone who already had PRO

NEW Pilot Fatigue Calculator: a sleep and wakefulness check based on the Prior Sleep/Wake Model, and the maximum daily FDP under EASA ORO.FTL.205 and FAA Part 117 Table B, with the tables checked against the regulations
NEW Type Rating Training Map: 58 training centres worldwide with the aircraft types they train on, their approvals and how to contact them, filterable by type and region
NEW Pilot CV Builder: an airline-style CV with a proper hours table, two layouts and a PDF, kept only in your browser
NEW Pilot Jobs now covers 121 airlines, including Horizon, Endeavor, PSA, Piedmont, Porter, Jazz, Edelweiss, Binter, Smartwings, flyadeal, Peach, Kenya Airways, Airlink, Arajet and Viva Aerobus
NEW 10 Library articles on gas turbine engines: types, principles and ratings, intakes and compressors, FADEC, thrust levers and idle, fuel system, starting, ignition and relight, lubrication and thrust reversers (355 articles in all)
FIXED The gas turbine illustration no longer calls the jet the fastest flow in the engine and gives corrected temperatures and pressure ratios

NEW Google Analytics now helps us see which guides and articles are useful. It loads only if you accept analytics cookies; on the guide and Library pages a small bar asks once, and your choice is shared with the app
NEW Cookieless Plausible statistics now also cover the guide, Library, Crash Investigations and Difference Training pages; rejecting analytics switches both off
FIXED The privacy and cookie policies list Google Analytics and its cookies

NEW 15 new articles in the free Library, which now holds 345, each fact-checked by a second reviewer
NEW Structures and maintenance: airframe structure and construction, structural loads, stress and fatigue, aircraft materials, fastening and corrosion, continuing airworthiness and maintenance
NEW Electrics: electromagnetism and induction, transformers, converters and AC motors, semiconductors and logic gates, electrical power distribution, circuit protection and switching devices, electrical bonding, static and interference
NEW Engines and propellers: mixture control and abnormal combustion, supercharging and turbocharging, propellers and propeller control; and careers: airline pilot recruitment and selection, pilot career pathways
FIXED The electrical system illustration now shows the essential buses as shed last rather than never shed, and the airframe loads illustration describes torsion correctly, as shear

FIXED 36 questions corrected after the Library fact-checks, among them the age 60 to 64 rule for commercial air transport (the "only pilot over 60" condition was deleted in 2015), the critical phases of flight (now with the missed approach), the stress response and the parasympathetic branch, climb gradient when hot and high, carbon monoxide, glaucoma and the anti-g straining manoeuvre
FIXED The spatial disorientation guide now gives the range of published thresholds for sensing angular acceleration

NEW 30 new articles in the free Library, which now holds 330, each fact-checked by a second reviewer
NEW Certification: type certification, aircraft categories and CS-23, large aeroplane certification (CS-25), failure conditions and system safety, certificates of airworthiness and permits to fly, structural design and design loads
NEW Aircraft systems: hydraulic principles and fluids, pumps, valves and actuators; DC and AC electrics, batteries, DC and AC generators, generator control and paralleling; piston engines, ignition, carburettors and fuel injection; combustion chambers and turbines, engine indications; cabin heaters; ice protection and ice detection
NEW Licensing and careers: medical certification, endorsements and additional ratings, flight instructors and examiners, knowledge tests and checkrides, flight simulation training devices, airline training and checking, pilot ranks, seniority and scheduling, pilot unions
FIXED The aviation security article now describes the TSA Crewmember Access Point, which replaced Known Crewmember in 2026

NEW 100 new articles in the free Library, which now holds 300, each fact-checked by a second reviewer
NEW Instruments and autoflight: EFIS, PFD and navigation displays, autopilot, flight director, autothrottle, autoland, FMS, warning systems, standby instruments, head-up displays, flight recorders, avionics buses and sensors
NEW Performance: take-off distances, masses and climb segments, obstacle clearance, reduced thrust, landing distance, aquaplaning, brake energy, climb, range and gliding, buffet and maximum altitude, one engine inoperative en route, minimum control speeds, speed limits and crosswind
NEW Operations and emergencies: ground handling, taxiing, SOPs, tech log and MEL, dispatch, operations manual, ETOPS, level bust, landing technique, rejected take-off, operating minima, dangerous goods, fire, engine failure, ditching, evacuation, cabin safety, security, bird strike, noise abatement and de-icing
NEW Human factors and medicine: decision-making, workload, situational awareness, error, automation, communication, fatigue and sleep, stress, vision, hearing, spatial disorientation, g-forces, alcohol and medication, safety management and safety culture; and pilot licences and ratings
FIXED The A320 FLEX take-off, engine failure at V1, performance calculation and memory items guides now match the A320 documentation (FLEX on wet runways, FLEX kept after an engine failure, no FLEX with a derate, the V1 definition, and the memory items themselves)
FIXED Twelve illustrations corrected, among them the take-off segments, minimum control speeds, performance classes, ETOPS, the FMA and hypoxia

NEW 50 new articles in the free Library, which now holds 200, each fact-checked by a second reviewer and illustrated
NEW Air law: rules of the air, VFR and IFR, cruising levels and minimum heights, airspace structure, special use airspace, air traffic services, alerting and search and rescue, interception, aeronautical information, the EASA and FAA rulebooks, air operator certification, commercial and private operations, flight time limitations, crew composition, required equipment, registration, security, facilitation and accident investigation
NEW Aerodromes: physical characteristics, markings and signs, lighting, obstacle limitation surfaces, circuits and parallel runway operations
NEW Flight planning: the operational and ATC flight plans, alternates, flow management, climb and descent planning, cost index and in-flight fuel management
NEW Mass and balance: mass definitions, weighing, standard masses, fuel, cargo loading and the load and trim sheet. Instruments: gyroscopes, attitude, heading and turn indicators, the altimeter, airspeed indicator and Machmeter, vertical speed indicator, air data computer, INS and IRS alignment
FIXED 101 questions corrected after the fact-checks, among them the EASA planning minima of the 2022 fuel rules, the SERA true airspeed reporting threshold, ACR/PCR, NAT oceanic areas and instrument errors

IMPROVED On the home page, the Difference Training card now carries its photograph behind the text, like the question bank cards above it

IMPROVED The Difference Training card on the home page and the Difference Training page now open with our own photograph: a French bee Airbus A350 on the apron, seen past another airliner's wingtip

IMPROVED The Difference Training card on the home page and the Difference Training page now show the two conversions: an Airbus A321neo for the A320 family course and a Boeing 737 MAX 8 for the 737 NG to MAX course

NEW 10 Library articles, 150 in all: flight information and broadcast services, communications at non-towered aerodromes, aeronautical telecommunication services, position reports, VHF, HF and satellite communications, ACARS and data link, CPDLC, interphone and audio systems, the Chicago Convention and ICAO, and the freedoms of the air and carrier liability. Each one fact-checked before publication
FIXED 19 questions brought up to date or corrected: the ICAO Council now has 40 members (since 12 June 2026), revised estimates are due when they change by more than 2 minutes (SERA), the North Atlantic HF bands and 17.946 MHz, English language proficiency under FCL.055, the State of Design issues the type certificate, CPDLC logon by the four-letter location indicator, and current AIM paragraph numbers for airport lighting and beacons
FIXED Links between Library articles: 15 pointed at article names that did not exist and now point at the right ones

NEW Crash Investigations in Resources: 20 accidents written up from the official investigation reports (NTSB, BEA, AAIB, ATSB, TSB, BFU and others), from Air Florida 90 and Kegworth to AF447, Qantas 32 and the Hudson ditching. Each gives the flight, the sequence, what the investigators found, the probable cause in the report’s own terms, what changed afterwards and the lessons for pilots, with links to the Library articles and question banks on the same subject. Grouped by theme: stall, loss of control, CRM, automation, engine failure and more
NEW 40 more Library articles, 140 in all: navigation (the Earth, charts, magnetism, dead reckoning, polar and grid navigation, PET and PNR), radio aids (radio waves, radar, VDF, MLS, GNSS errors, RAIM, SBAS and GBAS, RNAV and PBN), approaches, departures and arrivals, oceanic operations, and R/T and ATC (phraseology, call signs, clearances, distress and urgency, transponder codes). Each one fact-checked before publication
IMPROVED Every question in the bank was rechecked, one by one, and each proposed change checked a second time: 762 questions corrected (wrong facts, garbled text, answers that gave themselves away, pictures that did not fit) and 409 removed (duplicates and questions with two correct answers). 16,040 questions remain in 154 banks
IMPROVED Difference Training: a full refund within 14 days if it is not for you
FIXED The pricing page offered “Upgrade to PRO” to members who already have PRO. It now shows your current plan and what it includes
FIXED Progress sync on some older sign-ins failed silently with a permissions error; the app now gets a fresh device token first and syncs through it. The Difference Training tab in Resources counts all 17 pages

NEW A box when you create an account, and a switch in My Account: “Send me v1prep news and study tips”. It stays off unless you turn it on; at most one e-mail a week, each with a one-click unsubscribe link
FIXED Two A320 questions: the CFM56-5B maximum N1 and N2 (104 % and 105 %), and how the GAPCU regulates the APU generator (through the APU ECB)

NEW Without PRO, each Difference Training course can now be bought on its own: the A320 course (ceo to neo, and A318 to A321 compared) or the 737 course (NG to MAX), each with its quizzes, for €11.99 for 12 months. One payment, no subscription. Pay with the email of your v1prep account and the course opens within a minute; paid with another email, use “Link a purchase” in your account. PRO still includes both

NEW A 40-second animation of the A320 Power Transfer Unit: what it transfers, when it runs by itself, when it is inhibited, and what its FAULT light means. Tap “Watch” under the explanation of 25 A320 hydraulics and interview questions, or see it in the A320 hydraulic system guide and the top 50 A320 interview questions
IMPROVED Pictures under the explanations: diagrams and figures now fill the width instead of a short strip, every picture says “Tap to enlarge”, and the enlarged view is titled with its caption and no longer blows small photos up until they blur. Ten photos cropped to what matters (the weather radar, navigation and G1000 displays, the turn coordinator, heading indicator, transponder, eye chart and more), 23 Difference Training quiz questions now show the course photos, and the ear diagram appears under 14 human performance questions
FIXED The A320 hydraulics guide and the top 50 A320 interview questions said the PTU runs during pushback and the first engine start: it is inhibited then, and tested during the second engine start. Also five ATPL explanations (speed brakes, Frise ailerons, MMO and MCRIT), the climb diagram on Vy for propeller aeroplanes, two 737 interview answers on engine-out technique, and several photo captions, among them the airspeed indicator and the de-icing fluid, with 14 photos taken off questions they did not fit

NEW Difference Training now sits inside the A320 and B737 sections, each with its course and its quiz banks. Both courses are included in PRO. Without PRO, each course with its quizzes can be unlocked on its own for €11.99 for 12 months (this option opens shortly). The public course pages keep a preview of every module
NEW 155 quiz questions for the courses: 737 NG to 737 MAX (62), A320ceo to A320neo (48) and A319, A320 and A321 compared (45), each checked against the course sources
NEW 10 Library articles, 100 in all: primary flight controls; roll control, adverse yaw and spoilers; balance and trim tabs; flutter and aeroelasticity; swept wings; asymmetric flight; buffet and buffet margin; power curves and speed stability; propeller aerodynamics; propeller torque and slipstream effects. Each fact-checked by a second reviewer
IMPROVED The separate A320 Overhead Panel (Photos) bank is gone: its 243 questions now sit in the system bank each belongs to, so the fire agent question is in Fire Protection, the battery question in Electrical, and so on
IMPROVED 11 photos in the course modules: the A318, the A321XLR, the sharklet and the wing-tip fence, the PW1100G-JM and LEAP-1B engines, the MAX winglet, and the 737-8 and 737-800 flight decks
FIXED On phones, wide tables in the Library and the courses scroll sideways instead of squeezing to one word per line; six course details corrected (among them, the ET302 cause is no longer stated as settled); question counts on seven A320 guides

NEW Difference Training, a new free section: two courses on what changes between variants. Boeing 737 NG to 737 MAX (8 modules: the MAX family and your type rating, airframe and weights, the LEAP-1B, flight deck and displays, flight controls, MCAS and stabiliser trim, systems by ATA chapter, procedures and the special training, a quick reference) and Airbus A320ceo to A320neo (7 modules, including the A318, A319, A320 and A321 compared, the engines, and the A321neo ACF and XLR). Built from the FAA Flight Standardization Board reports, the FAA and EASA 737 MAX return-to-service reports and the EASA type certificate data sheets, with the FAA and EASA differences levels, and each module checked by a second reviewer. Find it in the Question Banks menu, on the home page and under Resources
IMPROVED The Embraer E-Jet card on the home page has a picture, like the other type-rating cards
FIXED 52 questions, among them: how oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried in the blood, BMI thresholds, one-eyed pilots under Part-MED, cabin altitude rates, when the commander’s responsibility starts and ends, the 737 APU inlet door side, the 737 runaway stabiliser recall order, Vy and Vmd for propeller aeroplanes, SADIS and WIFS, special air-reports for moderate or severe turbulence and icing, the A320 wingspan with and without sharklets, A320 original and modified seating maxima and the A320 centre tank feed by build. Four Library articles corrected to match

FIXED On laptop and desktop screens the menu links sat squeezed against the logo with an empty band in the middle. They are now centred between the logo and the account buttons, evenly spaced, at every width from 1,280 pixels up; below 1,800 pixels About, FAQ, Contact and Flagged are in the menu button
FIXED On small phones, signed out, the menu button was cut off at the right edge

NEW 20 Library articles, 90 in all: SIGMET and AIRMET, meteorological briefings, significant weather charts, surface and upper-air charts, weather radar and satellite images, then principles of flight from the start: airflow and Bernoulli, Newton’s laws and the four forces, aerofoil geometry, drag, induced drag and wingtip vortices, wing planform, the boundary layer, spins and spiral dives, high-lift devices, load factor and the flight envelope, turning flight, stability, and tail configurations. Each fact-checked by a second reviewer
IMPROVED 1,145 questions now show a picture under their explanation (up from 925), including the first pictures for the E-Jet banks (engines, landing gear, the E2 flight deck and wing, the air data probes), more A320 and 737 parts, and human performance: the eye, the inner ear, the body clock, blood cells, a pulse oximeter, the Swiss cheese model
IMPROVED 277 FAA questions now offer “View illustration” (up from 7): stall, drag, stability, compass errors, pitot-static, icing, microbursts, fronts, weight and balance, RNAV and more. Only diagrams that hold nothing Europe-specific were used
FIXED The wind triangle diagram’s text; two Library links

NEW 139 “identify this” questions that show a real picture above the question: which cloud is it, what does this PAPI tell you, what may you do at this marking, which instrument or aircraft part is this, what does this A320 overhead panel say. Written for the EASA ATPL, PPL, CPL, IR, FAA and type-rating banks, and each checked by a second reviewer against the picture and the sources
NEW An A320 antennas and probes diagram, in two versions: labelled under the explanations of 22 A320 questions, and numbered for 8 new questions on which probe feeds which ADIRU and where each antenna is
IMPROVED 925 questions now show a picture under their explanation (up from 710). Where no free photo existed: 18 figures from FAA handbooks (tailplane icing, the magneto and its P-lead, spark plug, wing and fuselage structure, oxygen generator, fire bottles, fusible plug, TAT probe, runway markings and more), 9 close-ups cut from large cockpit photos (A320 FCU and standby instrument; 737 mode control panel, FMS CDU, fire switches, trim wheel, nose probes) and 11 drawings of our own (dangerous goods labels, standby compass, suction gauge, light-twin and Mach airspeed indicators, VOR, marker lamps, TCAS symbols, runway lights at night, a lit stop bar)
FIXED Runway centre line lights are recommended, not required, on a Category I runway; TCAS traffic and resolution advisory times now depend on the sensitivity level, as they do in reality; bank sizes quoted on the guide pages updated

NEW Every guide page now has real photographs: the airline’s own aircraft on each interview-prep and requirements page, flight simulators in the sim-assessment sections, the A320 flight deck, overhead panel, engine and MCDU in the A320 guides, and training aircraft, charts and instruments on the exam guides. 111 photos across 67 pages, each credited under the picture
IMPROVED 710 questions now show a real photo under their explanation (up from 576): the feathered propeller, the fuel sample, the turbine blade root, the Doppler VOR, the directional gyro, the ram air turbine and more. Every photo was checked full size against its caption
FIXED Part-NCO destination alternates brought up to date: since October 2022 an IFR flight needs a destination alternate unless the forecast gives a ceiling at least 1000 ft above the approach minimum and 5000 m visibility for an hour either side of arrival; the old VMC-arrival test and the isolated-aerodrome case are gone. Four IR questions and the fuel-planning illustration corrected, from the current EASA rules
FIXED 63 more questions corrected: filler text removed from 36 answer options, two wrong answer keys (a centre of gravity arm, a gyro output), A320 reverser type and RAT deployment, navigation light arcs, PAPI units, stall speed with frost and lost CLmax, microburst lifetime and others; 12 explanations whose text was cut off after a “less than” sign now show in full

NEW 576 questions now show a real photograph under their explanation once answered: the cloud, the runway marking, the PAPI, the pitot tube, the de-icing boot, the spoilers, the flight recorder. 102 photos from Wikimedia Commons, each chosen from several candidates, checked against its caption and credited under the picture (author, licence and source). Tap a photo to enlarge it. More are on the way, across the EASA, FAA and type-rating banks
FIXED 25 more questions corrected after the Library fact-checks: RVR is representative of the touchdown zone; the former EU-OPS approach-ban and RVR rules are now labelled as such; advection fog lifts into stratus above about 15 kt; the minimum wind for mountain waves (15 kt, FAA about 25 kt); a veer is clockwise; idle thrust at once in volcanic ash; the Annex 3 RVR range; and others. The cloud-types and RVR illustrations corrected to match
IMPROVED The Photo credits page now lists the question photos too

NEW 20 Library articles on meteorology, 70 articles in all: the atmosphere, pressure, temperature, inversions, humidity, stability, cloud types, cloud cover and ceiling, precipitation, fog, mist and haze, visibility and RVR, the forces behind the wind, surface wind, local winds, mountain waves, pressure systems, global circulation, tropical revolving storms and volcanic ash. Each one fact-checked by a second reviewer against the question banks, the AIM and the French AIP, with photos from Wikimedia Commons checked against their captions
IMPROVED 752 more EASA questions now offer “View illustration”, from wake turbulence, radio failure and the critical point to propellers, compass errors and airframe icing
FIXED 66 questions corrected after the article fact-checks: the Global Reporting Format runway condition codes, the Annex 15 aeronautical information products, runway edge and obstacle lights, VASI, stop bars, CVR recording time, Jet B freezing point, compass deviation, the navigation display MAP mode and others
NEW A Photo credits page listing the author, licence and source of every photo we did not take ourselves

NEW 212 EASA questions on real charts from the French AIP: visual approach and landing charts, aerodrome charts, SIDs, STARs and instrument approach charts from Toulouse, Lyon, Nice, Nantes, Strasbourg, Bordeaux, Chambéry, Ajaccio, Cannes, Toussus, Brest and eight smaller aerodromes. They sit in PPL Navigation, Air Law and Operational Procedures, CPL Navigation, Air Law and Flight Planning, IR Flight Planning, Air Law and Radio Navigation, and ATPL Flight Planning, Air Law, Radio Navigation and Operational Procedures. Every question was checked against the chart by a second reviewer; each excerpt names its chart and date (source: SIA, reused under the French Licence Ouverte)
NEW 60 picture questions on the flight instruments and slope lights: altimeter, airspeed indicator colour arcs, attitude indicator, turn coordinator and turn-and-slip, VSI, the magnetic compass as it really looks, PAPI and APAPI. In PPL, CPL and IR Aircraft General Knowledge, ATPL Instrumentation and the Operational Procedures banks
NEW 27 new illustrations, and 948 more EASA questions now offer “View illustration”: stress, memory and attention, flight-deck communication, authority gradient, decision making, dangerous goods, runway surface condition, aerodrome markings, signs and lighting, AIP and NOTAM, ATIS and VOLMET, tropical climatology, EFIS, hydraulics, airframe structure and materials, fire protection, fuels, circuit protection, turbocharging, magnetism and deviation, Bernoulli, the aerofoil, drag, and climb and glide
IMPROVED Over 16,000 questions in all

NEW Ten Library articles: VOR, DME, NDB and ADF, GNSS, Holding Patterns, Instrument Approach Procedures, Go-Around and Missed Approach, Centre of Gravity, Visual Illusions, and Lift — 50 articles in all. Each states where EASA and ICAO differ from the FAA, and every figure was checked against the AIM, 14 CFR, real FAA approach charts and the question banks by a second reviewer
IMPROVED The GNSS and NDB/ADF illustrations corrected: GBAS supports GLS precision approaches, the geoid can sit up to about 100 m from the ellipsoid, and the NDB note gives the ICAO and US frequency bands
FIX ATPL questions: VMCL is with the critical engine inoperative; the GPS week counter rolls over about every 19.6 years; dual-frequency reception does not remove tropospheric delay; all-in-view receivers use every satellite in view; the GBAS question now reflects Cat I today and Cat II/III with GAST D

NEW 131 questions on excerpts of the real FAA Seattle sectional: airport symbols and data blocks, Class B, C, D and E limits read at real places, special use airspace and its tables, navaids, obstructions, maximum elevation figures and chart currency. In the FAA Private sections Airspace & Sectional Charts, Navigation & Flight Planning, and Airport Operations
NEW 132 questions on real FAA approach charts, airport diagrams and the NW-1 alternate and takeoff minimums pages: which minimums line applies, DA or MDA, visibility and RVR, approach categories, profile and plan view symbols, procedure turns and holds in lieu, circling-only and RNP AR procedures. In the FAA Instrument sections IFR Charts & Procedures and Instrument Approaches
NEW Every chart question was checked against the chart and the current AIM and 14 CFR text by a second reviewer. Tap an excerpt to see it full size; excerpts show taller than other photos so the fine print reads
FIX A VOR test facility (VOT) shows the 360 radial, not the 180 (ATPL Radio Navigation); VOR service volumes updated to the current AIM; a CG computed from a moment index must be scaled back like the moment; a ballast answer corrected to 49 lb

NEW 28 questions where the picture is the question: an RMI, a fixed-card ADF, a VOR indicator or an HSI set to a real reading. Find the QDR, QDM, QTE or QUJ, the radial, which side of the course you are on, whether you are flying toward or away from the station, and which way to turn. In ATPL and IR Radio Navigation, PPL Navigation, and the FAA Private and Instrument navigation banks
NEW After you answer, “View illustration” shows where the aircraft is: the station, the radial or bearing, and the aircraft on its heading, seen from above
IMPROVED 17 existing questions that describe an instrument in words now show it too, and four of them read more clearly

IMPROVED The airline study guides (€4.99 PDFs) say before you buy that they are an instant download and are not refundable once delivered; the refund policy and terms say the same
IMPROVED Mock Interview is part of PRO, the Interview Pass and Lifetime, as the pricing table says; it used to open for everyone
IMPROVED Security: your progress, flags and review notes are ready to sync through our server, checked against your device, instead of straight to the database

FIX FAA written tests: 656 questions rewritten so no option gives the answer away (some wrong options used to say “rather than the actual… described here”), with every option now answering the whole question, and each rewrite checked by a second reviewer
FIX FAA answers corrected, among them: a narrower runway gives the illusion of being high (not a wider one); the landing-limited takeoff weight is the maximum landing weight plus the fuel burned; the transport-category limit load factor is never below +2.5 g; clearway credit is limited to half the runway length; ETOPS critical fuel is the greatest of three scenarios; polished frost has not been allowed since 2010; runway condition code 2 is water or slush deeper than 1/8 inch
FIX 164 FAA references to cancelled weather advisory circulars (AC 00-6B, 00-45H, 00-54) now cite the Aviation Weather Handbook, FAA-H-8083-28
FIX ATPL: 157 Communications and Flight Planning explanations no longer start mid-sentence; 23 correct answers that were cut short are complete; Class B performance, continuity, VHF refraction and surface-wind questions corrected; Electrics sources cite subject 021
FIX A320 and B737: engine-specific answers say CFM56 where the IAE V2500 differs; wingspan given for wing-tip fences and Sharklets; girt bar wording; Runaway Stabilizer recall items as in the current QRH
FIX Question counts on the guides give each bank’s own size (some quoted the whole site’s total as the A320 or B737 bank); a check now catches this
IMPROVED Security: passwords are no longer kept in your browser; a device token signs you in instead, and signing out removes it. Password-reset links work again. Deleting an account asks for your password and confirms it on the server
IMPROVED Privacy: analytics events carry no email or name, and “Reject all” in the cookie banner now switches analytics and error reporting off. The privacy, cookie, refund and terms pages describe what the site actually does
IMPROVED The menu fits laptop screens (Register and your account were off the edge); clearer text in the light theme; hub cards, bank cards and answers work with the keyboard; search opens the question you clicked and shows answers only for banks you have; the Flagged page opens again; choosing a paid plan before signing up takes you back to checkout
IMPROVED The pricing table matches the plans (38 free preview banks, and the progress features free accounts already have); explainer diagrams load about three times faster

NEW The Embraer E-Jet bank: 470 questions in 18 banks — limitations, normal procedures, abnormal and memory items, and the 15 systems chapters from airplane general to warnings. Limitations, normal procedures and four systems chapters are free to try
NEW Every E-Jet question names its source: the EASA type-certificate data sheets for the ERJ 170 and ERJ 190, the Transport Canada E-Jets operational evaluation report, or a detailed E190 E1/E2 AOM summary written by a line pilot. Questions say E1 or E2 wherever the two differ
NEW v1prep now holds 16,000+ questions in 154 banks

NEW Overhead Panel (Photos): 242 A320 questions, each shown with a photo of the real overhead panel — what this pushbutton does, what its FAULT or OFF light means, what happens with the selector where it is. Tap a photo to see it full size; after answering, see where that panel sits on the overhead. Free to try
NEW v1prep now holds more than 15,000 questions in 134 banks
FIX A320 corrections: engine bleed air comes from the 5th stage normally and the 9th stage at low power (it had them reversed); the ENG FIRE pb is pushed, not pulled; the APU FIRE control is a pushbutton; with LDG FLAP 3 selected the LDG MEMO reads FLAPS … 3 instead of FLAPS … FULL; automatic emergency lighting on a power loss is the ARM position of the EMER EXIT LT switch, not OFF; wiper speeds are SLOW and FAST; the CAB FANS pb is on the VENTILATION panel; four spoilers per wing are used for roll
FIX 58 A320 source references no longer end with the code of the next FCOM section

NEW The Pilot Jobs board opens with the airline interview study guides: Emirates, Etihad, Cathay Pacific, flydubai, Ryanair, Jet2, easyJet, Wizz Air and British Airways, each a PDF at €4.99, and each of those airlines’ cards links to its guide
NEW The same guides on the airline pilot jobs pages, the regional jobs pages, the low-hour jobs page and the British Airways, Cathay Pacific and flydubai requirements pages
FIX On phones, the answer sheet’s buttons (View illustration, Report error) could not be tapped and long explanations could not be scrolled: the dimmed backdrop sat on top of the sheet

NEW Study guides for First Officer candidates at Emirates, Etihad, Cathay Pacific, flydubai, Ryanair, Jet2, easyJet, Wizz Air and British Airways: 27 to 31 pages each on the airline, every stage of its selection, 60+ interview questions with answer guidance and the technical knowledge the panel tests. PDF, €4.99 each, linked from each airline’s page

FIX Nine airline pages rechecked against the airlines’ own material and dated reporting: easyJet, Ryanair, Wizz Air, Emirates, Qatar Airways and Etihad interview guides, and the British Airways, Cathay Pacific and flydubai requirements pages. Fleet, bases and selection stages are brought up to date; claims we could not confirm are removed, and what comes from candidates is labelled as candidate reports
FIX Jobs board and hiring guides: Etihad has also listed a non-type-rated 777/787 First Officer stream and pilots report a training bond; Gulf visa sponsorship is stated only where the airline says so; Cathay’s adverts disagree on the aircraft-weight threshold, and the page now says so; Qatar Airways’ A330s are retired; Ryanair’s MAX 10 order is 150 firm plus 150 options
FIX Technical answers on the airline pages: A320 APU bleed limits (20,000 ft to assist an engine start, 22,500 ft with one pack, 15,000 ft with two), the 8.6 psi safety valve against the 9.0 psi maximum differential, the FLEX temperature limits, and the 737’s one-way power transfer unit
FIX 737 interview answers: wing anti-ice heats the three inboard slats; the current airspeed-unreliable recall items; the 737 has a PTU, and electric pump 2 powers system A; autobrake RTO arms below 60 kt and activates at 90 kt; Boeing’s rejected take-off boundary is 80 kt, not Airbus’s 100 kt; with systems A and B lost the brake accumulator still gives anti-skid braking
FIX A320: the PTU is inhibited during the first engine start only, and the crossbleed-start question now asks only what it tests

FIX Wrong answers corrected after checking ICAO, EASA and FAA sources, among them: a transponder replies after about 3 µs (50 µs is DME); a blocked static port makes the airspeed over-read in a descent; a blocked static source freezes the altimeter rather than showing cabin altitude; the boxed number on a SIGWX chart refers to the legend; PROB40 is a 40% chance, not “highly likely”; a Part 117 extension after take-off is “as far as needed to land safely”; the FAA does not allow planned cockpit napping; a 10% speed excess adds about 20% to the landing distance
FIX Out-of-date rules brought up to date: the EU radio failure rules since May 2025 (20 minutes, squawk 7601), the FAA mask rule when one pilot leaves the flight deck (FL410 since 2020), squawk 2000 timing in the North Atlantic, changing a transponder code without selecting standby, and replaced FAA advisory circulars and safety alerts
FIX Low-visibility questions based on the EU-OPS rules replaced in October 2022 now say so, and their explanations give the current EASA rule
IMPROVED Clearer explanations on weather radar colours, SIGWX chart levels, oxygen requirements, time of useful consciousness, stabilised approach criteria and GPS course sensitivity
CHANGE The Custom Test is now part of the paid plans; Ground School members can build tests from all the ATPL banks

NEW Ten Library articles: ADS-B and ADS-C, Jet Streams, Low Visibility Operations, the Pitot-Static System, Radio Communication Failure, RNP Approaches, Runway Excursions, TAF and TREND Forecasts, Threat and Error Management, and Decompression — 40 articles in all
FIX Radio failure illustration now gives the EU SERA rules in force since May 2025 next to the ICAO and UK procedures: twenty minutes in IMC whether or not you are under radar, and 7601 for an IFR flight continuing in VMC to the nearest suitable aerodrome
FIX METAR and TAF illustration: the PROB30 and PROB40 wording corrected, and the runway state group marked as withdrawn; RNAV and RNP illustration: RNAV 10 needs two independent long-range systems, and RNP AR may include curved RF legs; met warnings illustration: the high-level significant weather chart now covers FL250 to FL600 (FL630 until 2024); a repeated sentence removed from the declared distances illustration
FIX Wet and contaminated runways article cites SAFO 19001, which replaced SAFO 06012 in 2019; the transponder article adds the 7601 code

NEW EASA ATPL Theory Exams guide: the questions and time for all 13 papers, the 75% pass mark, the 18-month, 36-month and 7-year rules, and how to plan the sittings
NEW EASA Exam Simulator page with the official question counts and times for every ATPL, CPL and IR paper side by side
FIX Wide tables and long buttons no longer push nine guides off the side of a phone screen
IMPROVED 43 page titles and descriptions shortened so search results show them in full; Library photos and illustrations listed in the sitemap for image search; the exam pages link to each licence's guide

NEW Ten Library articles: Air Masses and Fronts, Turbulence, Radio Altimeter, Airborne Weather Radar, Secondary Surveillance Radar and Transponders, ATC Separation, Stabilised Approach, Unreliable Airspeed, Fatigue, and Minimum Safe Altitudes with cold temperature corrections — 30 articles in all
FIX Turbulence illustration: the boxed number on a significant weather chart is a reference to the chart's key, which gives the intensity and levels, not the intensity itself
IMPROVED Tall portrait photos in Library articles no longer fill the whole screen

NEW Exam simulation on the ATPL, CPL, IR and PPL hubs: sit any theory paper at its official length and time, from the 13 ATPL(A) papers to the seven of the IR(A), with the number of questions and the time EASA sets in AMC1 ARA.FCL.300(b)
NEW One clock for the whole paper, no answers until you submit, a question grid to move freely and flag questions for a second look, and the paper submits itself when time runs out; the clock keeps running if you leave, and a reload picks the paper up where it was
NEW Marked at 75% like the real exam, with a full review filtered to wrong, blank or flagged answers, and your best score shown against each paper
NEW PPL papers take your own authority's format, since EASA leaves the PPL paper length to each country
IMPROVED The CPL and IR exam guides now list each paper's question count and time; the IR guide's communications paper updated to subject 090, which replaced 092 IFR Communications

IMPROVED 40 guides now end with an "In the v1prep Library" box pointing to the reference articles on the same subjects, from the exam guides to every airline interview page
IMPROVED Library page titles shortened so search results show them in full

FIX ILS categories brought up to current ICAO and EASA rules: Category II RVR 300 m, and a single Category III (decision height below 100 ft or none, RVR below 300 m); the ILS illustration now shows the same, and seven questions on CAT IIIA and IIIB now say they test the pre-2022 EU-OPS rules
FIX Take-off performance: V2 and VREF as multiples of the 1-g reference stall speed (1.13 VSR, 1.23 VSR0), and the engine failure recognition time between VEF and V1 described correctly, separate from the 2 seconds at V1 in the accelerate-stop distance
FIX Fuel planning under the 2022 EASA fuel/energy scheme; the isolated-aerodrome criterion worded as "including final reserve"
FIX Class C separation and the definitions of controlled airspace, IMC and VMC given in full; SNOCLO and the withdrawn METAR runway state group labelled as such; flaps versus slats and the stalling angle; which accident category causes the most fatalities

NEW Library: windshear and microbursts, METAR and SPECI, the stall, fly-by-wire and flight envelope protection, the ILS, controlled flight into terrain, take-off speeds (V1, VR, V2), fuel planning under the 2022 EASA fuel scheme and the FAA rules, airspace classification, and crew resource management
IMPROVED Library articles now link to each other wherever a topic is covered, including the new stall, windshear, CFIT and fly-by-wire pages

FIX Runway condition reporting brought up to the ICAO Global Reporting Format (in force since November 2021): SNOWTAM validity is 8 hours, braking action maps to runway condition codes 6 to 0, and the old friction-coefficient and numeric contaminant codes are gone
FIX ACAS: an RA is followed unless that would endanger the aeroplane, even against ATC, and seeing the traffic is no reason to ignore it; TCAS low-altitude inhibition heights corrected
FIX Altimeter height per hectopascal at FL400 (about 100 ft), the geoid-to-WGS-84 difference (about 100 m), GPWS behaviour in landing configuration, passenger oxygen in pressurised aeroplanes (10,000 to 14,000 ft), the dry-runway definition and hyperventilation treatment
FIX Explanations tidied for wake turbulence separation, the Heavy category, altimeter check tolerances and buffet margin

NEW The Library: reference articles in the manner of an aviation encyclopedia, each with a definition, the mechanism, the rules (EASA and FAA), exam points, an FAQ and its sources. The first ten: thunderstorms, airframe icing, high-speed flight, altimeter settings, GPWS/TAWS, ACAS/TCAS, wet and contaminated runways, hypoxia and hyperventilation, upset prevention and recovery, wake turbulence and jet blast
NEW Resources has two tabs, Guides and Library, and v1prep.com/library/ lists every article by subject
FIX The "Guides" link at the top of every guide now opens Resources instead of the home page, and the browser back button no longer wipes the forward history

FIX Closed a guessing exploit across every EASA and FAA bank: the correct answer was too often simply the longest option. Reviewed thousands of flagged questions individually across the A320, ATPL, B737, FAA and training banks — trimming giveaway wording from correct answers where safe, and lengthening distractors where the correct answer's precision had to stay — without changing any correct answer's meaning. Cut from over 4,000 exploitable questions sitewide down to 3, each a case where every option's wording is fixed exam terminology

NEW FAA Private Pilot — Airplane (PAR): 10 banks, one per ACS area — aerodynamics, airports, airspace, weather, weather products, navigation, performance, systems, regulations, human factors — 490+ questions cited to the PHAK, AFH, AIM and 14 CFR
NEW FAA Instrument Rating — Airplane (IRA): 8 banks — instruments, charts, approaches, IFR navigation, ATC procedures, weather, regulations, human factors — 320+ questions
NEW FAA Commercial Pilot — Airplane (CAX): 8 banks — 320+ questions, including commercial operations and the Part 119/135 boundary
NEW FAA ATP — Multiengine Airplane (ATM): 8 banks aligned with ATP-CTP — Part 121 and 117, transport aerodynamics, turbine systems, transport performance, weather hazards, PBN and RVSM, CRM and fatigue, airline operations and dispatch — 320+ questions
NEW US airline interview: 41 technical questions, 42 behavioural (TMAAT) questions answered in STAR form, 27 on the hiring process — all with model answers
NEW The first bank of each FAA test and the US technical interview set are free with an account; Ground School now covers every theory bank, EASA and FAA (74 banks, 8,900+ questions)
IMPROVED Question of the Day follows the regulator: FAA questions on the FAA side, EASA on the EASA side
IMPROVED The FAA landing page and guides now point at the live banks; site totals updated to 133 banks and 14,800+ questions
FIX Every bank's question count is now checked against its data on each release

NEW EASA / FAA switch on the home page — US pilots see the FAA written-test cards (Private Pilot first, then Instrument, Commercial, ATP) and FAA references; remembered per device
NEW FAA landing page and six US guides: Private Pilot written, ATP written and ATP-CTP, Restricted ATP, FAA vs EASA, how to become an airline pilot in the USA, FAA medical certificates
NEW Approximate dollar prices shown beside every plan when the site is in FAA mode
NEW Cover photos on the PPL, IR and CPL cards; the line icons on all seven cards retired
FIX A320 Emergency & Abnormal: 14 UNRELIABLE SPEED questions that asked for QRH table pitch and thrust values removed — only the memory items are meant to be recalled, the table is read from the QRH

NEW Pilot jobs board now covers 98 airlines in six regions — Europe, North America, Middle East, Asia-Pacific, Africa, Latin America
NEW Every airline shows its First Officer and Captain seats separately; filter by region, seat and status
NEW 23 career guides built from the board: low-hour jobs, direct entry Captain jobs, cadet programmes, hours requirements, requirements by region, six regional boards, twelve airline requirement guides
NEW Articles & Guides page lists every guide on the site (66), including the PPL/IR/CPL theory guides
IMPROVED Paid plans now sync to every device on sign-in and on return to the app — no more UPGRADE button for paying members
IMPROVED The app reloads itself once when a new release ships, so phones never keep a stale version
IMPROVED Payment webhook hardened with a second authentication factor; 33 automated payment tests run before every deploy
FIX Annual-upgrade banner quoted prices that do not exist
FIX Stylesheet cache key now moves with every release

NEW Airline pilot jobs board: 17 European and Gulf airlines, each verified on the airline’s own careers page
NEW PPL, IR and CPL theory guides: exam subjects, principles of flight, air law and meteorology question sets, compass errors, carburettor icing, cold-weather altimetry, spatial disorientation
NEW Technical illustrations on more than 3,400 questions (29% of the bank) — hydraulics, fuel, GPWS, gas turbine cycle, flight controls, air conditioning and more
IMPROVED Pricing, FAQ, About and legal pages are standalone pages that load without JavaScript
IMPROVED One consistent line-icon set replaces the decorative emoji
FIX Admin user list restored server-side with per-user progress
FIX Three findings from the site audit

NEW Bookmark "study later" on any question
NEW Keyboard shortcuts (press ? anywhere)
NEW Quick filter/search inside quiz banks
NEW Mock Interview mode with timer + score report
NEW Weakness heatmap by ATA chapter on dashboard
NEW Referral program — share to give + earn 30 days Pro
NEW FAQ page + public changelog (this page)
IMPROVED 256 question corrections across 29 banks (FCOM/FCTM cross-checked)
IMPROVED Light theme is now default; dark remains available
IMPROVED Pricing simplified to 4 clear tiers: Lite / A320 / A320+ATPL / Lifetime
FIX 4 JavaScript syntax errors that prevented quizzes from loading
FIX Concept duplicates removed (SLD, ICI, DA, DOW, OEW, WAT Limit, alt*)
FIX Multiple incomplete/awkward questions rewritten for grammar

NEW Admin dashboard with revenue, engagement, content-quality panels
NEW Contact form with Individual vs ATO routing
NEW Firebase event tracking (sign-ups, quiz completions, payments)
NEW Gumroad payment integration
NEW Legal pages: Terms of Service, Privacy Policy (GDPR), About Us
IMPROVED Overhead-panel photo-based questions (12 cropped regions)

NEW 15 overhead-panel identification questions with cropped images
IMPROVED Spaced repetition engine (weak-question boosting)
IMPROVED Source filtering (FCOM / FCTM / PMG / ICAO / books / other)
IMPROVED Streak tracking + milestones (50/100/500/1000 questions)